ABOUT THE STUDY
Based on Anonymous Field Records from Deer Stalkers
Nicholas J. Aebischer, Christopher J. Wheatley, Hugh R. Rose.
The amount of wounding during routine culling is an important factor in the welfare of wild deer. Little information exists on factors determining shooting accuracy and wounding rates under field conditions in the UK.
In this study, 102 anonymous stalkers collected data on the outcomes and circumstances of 2281 shots. Using hot-deck imputation and generalised linear mixed modelling, we related the probability that a shot hit its target, and the probability that the shot killed the deer if it was hit, to 28 variables describing the circumstances of the shot.
Overall, 96% of deer were hit, of which 93% were killed outright. A reduced probability of hitting the target was associated with an uncomfortable firing position, too little time available, shooting off elbows or freehand, taking the head or upper neck as point of aim, a heavily obscured target, a distant target, shooting at females, lack of shooting practice and a basic (or no) stalker qualification.
An increase in the likelihood of wounding was associated with an uncomfortable firing position, shooting with insufficient time, a distant target (only when time was not sufficient), a bullet weight below 75 grains, a target concealed in thicket or on the move and an area rarely stalked.
To maximise stalking success and deer welfare, we recommend that stalkers ensure a comfortable firing position, use a gun rest, aim at the chest, use bullets heavier than 75 grains, avoid taking a rushed shot, shoot a distant animal only if there is plenty of time, fire only when the target is stationary, avoid shooting at an obscured animal, take care when the ground is unfamiliar, and do shooting practice at least once a month. The high miss rate of basic-level stalkers suggests that training should include additional firing practice under realistic shooting conditions.
This data for this study was collected in 2005 by BDS and forms the basis for ongoing improvements to Best Practice and BDS training. The data was statistically analysed and the paper published in 2014 online by PLOS one
FURTHER READING
Partnership Announcement: British Deer Society and The Stalking Show
Together, with the help of our community and the fantastic help of the BDS Midlands, Wales and The Marches branch volunteers, we will be supporting the co-founders of The Stalking Show, David and Deanne, to make their 2025 event bigger, better and more memorable than ever before all whilst sharing the mission, vision and values of The BDS with the stalking community across the UK.
Give a Gift of Conservation
This Christmas, give a gift that truly matters—support the conservation of the UK’s wild deer. Learn how donating, gifting memberships, or making purchases through the British Deer Society can create lasting positive change for wildlife, the environment, and future generations. Choose a meaningful gift that goes beyond materialism and helps protect our natural world.
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Discover the heartfelt story of Beverley Challinor, who is dedicated to protecting the deer of her local woodlands. In this personal journey, Beverley shares the challenges deer face with common fencing hazards, offering eye-opening insights into how we can prevent needless suffering. Through her experiences and practical advice, learn how simple actions can make a huge difference for wildlife.
